Conflict: Ladislas' Crusade
Combatants: Hungarians vs. Turks
Location: Bulgaria
Outcome: Turkish victory
A string of Hungarian victories under the leadership of John Hunyadi forced the Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Turks to sign a truce with its Balkan enemies. Hungarian King Ladislas I, in alliance with Venice, broke this truce and invaded Turkish occupied Bulgaria. At the Battle of Varna, the Hungarian army was badly defeated and Ladislas himself was killed.
Points of Interest:
Hunyadi survived the battle and retreated with the remnants of the army, but would be again defeated by Murad at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448.
In 1456, Hunyadi defeated the Turks at Belgrade and intended to invade Turkey but died a month after the battle.
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Sources:
Dupuy, Trevor N., Johnson, Curt, & Bongard, David L. (1992). The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: Castle Books (HarperCollins).
Dupuy, R. Ernest & Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993). The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military History. New York: HarperCollins.
Eggenberger, David (1985). An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
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